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ASR stands for Automatic Speech Recognition. It can also be called VR or Voice Recognition.
There is back-end speech recognition and front-end speech recognition.
Back-end SR: Job titles are usually called VR Editor (which is different from QA Editor).
Back-end speech recognition refers to the process by which the provider dictates into a digital dictation system, where the voice is routed through a speech-recognition machine and then the recognized draft document is routed along with the original voice file to the MT editor, who verifies the accuracy of the draft and finalizes the report.
Front-end SR: No Medical Transcriptionist involved.
Front-end speech recognition is used to describe systems where the provider dictates into a speech-recognition system, the recognized words are displayed in real-time, right after they are spoken, and the dictator is responsible for correcting misrecognition and signing off on the document. It never goes through an editor.
Hope that helps.